WEBVTT

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Raghu Pati Raghava Rajaram,

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Patita Pavan Sitaram.

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Raghu Pati Raghava Rajaram,

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Patita Pavan Sitaram.

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Sitaram Sitaram

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Bhaj Pyare Tu Sitaram

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Sitaram Sitaram

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Good morning to you all

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and warm welcome.

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As you are all aware,

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The 2-year-long commemoration

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period of 150th birth

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anniversary of Mahatma Gandhiji

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will be concluding on

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2nd October 2020.

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In this connection,

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we have with us today Dr.

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B.R. Guruprasad,

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former Associate Director,

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Office of Media and

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Public Relations,

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ISRO Headquarters,

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to talk on the topic Relevance

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of Mahatma Gandhiji's

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Legacy Today.

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Dr. B.R.

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Guruprasad worked in the Indian

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Space Research Organization,

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ISRO,

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for nearly 37 years and

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superannuated in May 2020.

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He had graduated in science,

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obtained master's degree in

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communications and journalism,

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obtained PhD from Mysore

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University, for the thesis work,

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Contribution of External and

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Indigenous Technological

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Elements to India's Space

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Capabilities:

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An Appraisal,

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at the Affiliated National

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Institute of Advanced Studies,

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Indian Institute of

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Science campus,

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Bengaluru.

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He had written more than 500

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articles in English and

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Kannada in newspapers,

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magazines, and newsletters.

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Written 12 books on astronomy

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and space in English

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and Kannada.

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He is an excellent orator on

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subjects of social importance.

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Welcome you, sir.

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Over to you, sir.

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Before I make a presentation and

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share my screen I would like

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to state a few words.

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First, at the outset,

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let me say good afternoon

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to all of you.

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And I'm really indebted to

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the Indian Space Research

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Organization headquarters today

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for inviting me to share my

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views on beliefs of Mohandas

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Karamchand Gandhi,

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who is better known as Mahatma

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Gandhi or Gandhiji.

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And, you know,

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their relevance today,

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especially we have to reminisce

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these things on the occasion of

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his 150th birth anniversary,

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valedictory,

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somewhat I would say.

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So that is the thing.

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And in this regard,

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especially I would like to

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thank Chairman ISRO,

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especially Scientific Secretary

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Shri Uma Maheshwaran Sir, Mr.

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Vivek Singh, and Shri Suresh,

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Head PNGA.

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And Mr. Dhinakara,

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who was in touch with me,

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and all the people and DISM

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people who have done excellent

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testing and all those things.

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And whoever has contributed

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to this program,

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I would like to

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really

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thank them.

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And you know, the thing is,

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whatever I'm going

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to present today,

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they are by and large

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known things,

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but it is very relevant and it

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is very appropriate to reminisce

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Mahatma Gandhi's contributions,

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what is the legacy which

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he has left for us.

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So that is what I am going

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to touch upon in,

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in the next 30 minutes or so,

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because this is a subject which

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is a very involved subject,

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and in a short time it is,

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it's a very challenging thing to

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convince people or to put forth

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and explain and elucidate what

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his views were and how

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relevant they are.

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But I will try to

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summarize things at least

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and try to make you—

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try to apprise you as

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to how significant,

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how important they are,

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not only for India but for

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the world at large,

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which is facing a lot of

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difficulties today,

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including coronavirus,

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of course. So all said and done,

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now I'm going to share the

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presentation once again.

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I thank one and all who

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has—

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who have been responsible

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for inviting me,

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and thanks a lot for all the

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people who have contributed

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to this.

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Okay,

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I'm sharing my

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this one now

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the presentation.

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Okay,

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I hope you are seeing this,

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the presentation.

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And let me just a moment.

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Okay, even I'm seeing properly.

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So

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the topic of my talk today is

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relevance of Mahatma

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Gandhi Ji's,

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Mahatma Gandhi's legacy today.

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See,

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normally I speak about space.

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All my lectures have been,

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or sometimes I have spoken on,

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rarely on

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certain subjects related to

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society and religion like

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Purundara Das and others.

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But this is the,

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let us say,

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I have gone from my

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regular topics.

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But anyway, you know,

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I am a person who is interested

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in the history of the world.

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And history of this great

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nation called India,

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as well as this great

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organization called Indian Space

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Research Organization.

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These 37 years were one of the

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foremost and most important,

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most cherishable part

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of my life.

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Now let me go to the

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subject directly.

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Now,

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just a moment.

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Okay,

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what is this legacy of Mahatma?

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Okay, what legacy,

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what has he left us as some kind

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of a, you know, what we say,

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like some kind of an endowment

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kind of thing for us?

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The legacy of Mahatma

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are his ideals,

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the ideals for which he stood

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for throughout his life,

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and his beliefs.

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Till his death,

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he cherished those beliefs,

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in fact.

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And what are the methods he

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adopted for gaining India

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independence, okay,

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to facilitate India gaining

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independence.

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And what are his achievements?

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Ideals, beliefs, methods,

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and achievements are all

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standing today as the,

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as his legacy from which

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we have to learn a lot,

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no doubt about it.

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And before I go further,

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let me tell you

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the background of

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Mahatma Gandhi. And, you know,

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sorry, background,

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and it should be profession.

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He was a professional in many

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respects, in many respects.

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Okay,

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so Mahatma Gandhiji was born in

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Gujarat, in Porbandar, in 1869.

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1869 to 1948,

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for 78 years he lived.

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All of us know.

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And, you know,

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he was a deeply religious person

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in the sense. Okay, so the,

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the thing is,

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his upbringing was like that.

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Okay, highly moralistic.

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His mother molded his

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character a lot.

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And you know, the thing is,

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he

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grew up in an ambience

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of Vaishnavism,

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which is very much prevalent in

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Gujarat even today. Okay,

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Swaminarayan Temple and all

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those things, you know,

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Vaishnavism,

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which espouses vegetarianism.

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Gandhi was a strict vegetarian.

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So that is the thing.

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And you know,

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he was liking the songs

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And especially a song penned by

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a Vaishnavite poet of the 15th

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century Gujarat by

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name Narasimhata.

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All of us know the song.

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It is Vaishnava Janato Theene

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Kahiye. So that song,

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it was his most liked song

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of Mahatma Gandhi,

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and that was penned by another

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Gujarati gentleman by name

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Narasimhata in the 15th century,

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a Vaishnavite poet, in fact.

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So suffice it to say that

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Gandhi Gandhiji was

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molded by a deep religious

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commitment,

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moral commitment.

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And let me tell you

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one more thing.

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When we think of Mahatma Gandhi,

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we always know him through

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his politics.

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Politics is not a derogatory

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term here, okay?

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Politics was not the last

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resort for Mr. Gandhi.

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Mahatma Gandhi.

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You know, the thing is,

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for Mahatma Gandhi,

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he was a barrister.

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You should know,

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barrister means,

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let me say in simple terms,

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he was a very,

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let us say, respectable lawyer.

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Okay,

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so he was a member of the Inner

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Temple. Inner Temple means,

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you know,

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law courts.

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Okay, it is there in England.

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Okay,

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there are 4 law courts

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in the sense,

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one of them is Inner Temple.

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What is Inner Temple?

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It is an association of

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judges and barristers.

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If one were to practice law as

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a lawyer, then one has to be,

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one had to be a member of one

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of the four of these things.

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Okay. So Gandhi has,

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Mahatma Gandhi had a very,

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very illustrious academic

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career.

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Okay. In England he studied law,

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then he came back.

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But unfortunately, you know,

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the thing is,

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unfortunately at that time,

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but fortunately for South

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Africa and India later,

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his practice in India was not

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very rosy in the sense it was

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not successful for him.

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So

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he had a lot of fear, okay,

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in arguing the cases in India.

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So at some time he was even

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thinking whether what to do.

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But at that time,

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he had a call from a company

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in South Africa,

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an Indian company in South

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Africa called Dada

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Abuland Company,

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and they hired him for

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about a year, okay,

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to

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the case of Indians to,

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to fight their case in the

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in South Africa,

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which was ruled by the

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British at that time.

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So this was a brief background

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and profession pertaining

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to Mahatma Gandhi.

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Now,

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what are the qualities that we—

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what are the qualities

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of Mahatma Gandhi

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who, who, which,

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which can be called as the,

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as his legacy, right?

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You know,

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Mahatma Gandhi is respected

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not only in India,

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he is respected all

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over the world.

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Many people looked after

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him as their guru.

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I will come to that

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a little later.

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Some of the qualities which can

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definitely be termed as the

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legacy of Mahatma Gandhi

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are truthfulness,

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perseverance,

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organizing ability,

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leadership,

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inspiring ability,

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selfless service,

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compassion,

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persuasiveness,

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and wit.

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Many people do not know

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that Gandhi was humorous.

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Gandhiji was humorous,

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okay?

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But I'll quote some of the

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instances which are

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very interesting.

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And so that's the way.

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And so these are the qualities,

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rare qualities,

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which were together present in a

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great persona called

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Mahatma Gandhi.

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Now let us first go to

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truthfulness associated

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with Mahatma Gandhi.

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Throughout his life,

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or the life of Mahatma Gandhi,

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was

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devoted to the search for truth,

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okay?

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Search for truth.

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That is why he termed his

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autobiography 'The Story

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of My Experiments with

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truth.

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Okay.

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Pursuance of truth for

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him was a passion,

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was a way of life.

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He perfected the art of

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satyagraha. Okay.

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And one of the tools for that

13:29.594 --> 13:33.374
was truth, selflessness,

13:33.374 --> 13:34.852
as well as

13:34.853 --> 13:36.790
compassion for others.

13:36.791 --> 13:37.460
Okay.

13:37.461 --> 13:39.788
These are the three things which

13:39.789 --> 13:41.506
were the elements of that.

13:41.507 --> 13:42.785
And with the help

13:42.785 --> 13:43.541
of these things,

13:43.542 --> 13:48.252
He tried to free India from

13:48.253 --> 13:50.196
the yoke of the British.

13:50.197 --> 13:55.336
So thanks to his view on this

13:55.336 --> 13:57.842
and his passion and his

13:57.842 --> 13:59.625
commitment to truthfulness,

13:59.625 --> 14:02.178
today in our national emblem

14:02.179 --> 14:04.837
we see Satyameva Jayate,

14:04.837 --> 14:06.764
truth alone triumphs.

14:06.764 --> 14:07.921
That is what is meant by

14:07.921 --> 14:09.663
Satyameva Jayate. Of course,

14:09.664 --> 14:11.133
This was a saying

14:11.133 --> 14:13.196
from Mandakya Upanishad,

14:13.196 --> 14:14.464
one of the Upanishads of India,

14:14.465 --> 14:16.046
ancient texts of India.

14:16.046 --> 14:17.636
And Mahatma Gandhi,

14:17.636 --> 14:18.077
as I told you,

14:18.077 --> 14:19.787
he was a deeply religious

14:19.787 --> 14:22.083
person. He had read very well.

14:22.083 --> 14:24.299
Okay, so religions,

14:24.300 --> 14:26.595
religious and deeply religious

14:26.595 --> 14:27.976
were interpreted in a different

14:27.976 --> 14:29.357
way those days.

14:29.357 --> 14:32.071
And second quality of Mahatma

14:32.071 --> 14:35.033
Gandhi which strikes everyone

14:35.033 --> 14:37.450
is perseverance.

14:37.451 --> 14:39.274
So the thing is,

14:39.274 --> 14:41.731
perseverance is the quality

14:41.732 --> 14:44.438
that it is nothing but the

14:44.438 --> 14:45.779
pursuance of something,

14:45.780 --> 14:48.518
pursuing something with lots and

14:48.518 --> 14:49.835
lots and lots and lots of

14:49.836 --> 14:53.216
patience despite failures.

14:53.217 --> 14:55.048
If you look at a problem,

14:55.048 --> 14:56.847
it may look insurmountable.

14:56.847 --> 14:57.803
In fact,

14:57.803 --> 15:00.276
India, when it wanted,

15:00.277 --> 15:02.541
when it was under the British

15:02.542 --> 15:04.508
rule Yes, Indians were,

15:04.508 --> 15:05.720
millions of Indians were

15:05.720 --> 15:06.891
suffering, okay,

15:06.891 --> 15:08.464
directly or indirectly

15:08.464 --> 15:09.651
they were suffering.

15:09.652 --> 15:11.826
But how to organize them?

15:11.827 --> 15:15.389
How to make them understand

15:15.389 --> 15:17.275
their problems and they have

15:17.275 --> 15:18.366
a better way of life?

15:18.367 --> 15:19.490
How to do that?

15:19.490 --> 15:21.351
There were lots and lots of

15:21.352 --> 15:22.884
problems. And anybody else,

15:22.884 --> 15:24.248
when they looked at India,

15:24.249 --> 15:25.444
they would have said it is

15:25.444 --> 15:26.992
impossible, nobody can save it.

15:26.993 --> 15:29.313
But Gandhiji took it up.

15:29.314 --> 15:32.059
As a mission. His perseverance,

15:32.059 --> 15:32.882
that is,

15:32.883 --> 15:34.377
whatever he believed—

15:34.377 --> 15:35.750
truth and non-violence and

15:35.750 --> 15:37.002
Satyagraha method,

15:37.002 --> 15:40.428
which is nothing but a social

15:40.428 --> 15:42.123
disobedience movement, in fact,

15:42.124 --> 15:42.581
okay,

15:42.581 --> 15:44.108
rather civil disobedience

15:44.108 --> 15:45.425
movement, okay.

15:45.426 --> 15:46.905
It is nothing but a social

15:46.906 --> 15:49.303
action which he took it up,

15:49.303 --> 15:50.760
direct social action,

15:50.760 --> 15:53.247
the method of Satyagraha,

15:53.247 --> 15:55.321
which was based on truth.

15:55.322 --> 15:57.179
So he persevered,

15:57.180 --> 15:58.141
that is,

15:58.142 --> 16:00.289
without any hesitation,

16:00.290 --> 16:03.111
and he was not dissuaded

16:03.111 --> 16:04.153
by failures,

16:04.154 --> 16:06.693
and ultimately he succeeded.

16:06.694 --> 16:08.713
So perseverance is one of the

16:08.714 --> 16:10.084
greatest qualities of

16:10.084 --> 16:11.318
Mahatma Gandhi.

16:11.319 --> 16:12.368
And you know,

16:12.369 --> 16:16.841
this made him to undertake fast

16:16.842 --> 16:18.244
unto death many times.

16:18.244 --> 16:19.791
He didn't care for himself,

16:19.791 --> 16:20.801
okay?

16:20.801 --> 16:22.275
And you know, the thing is,

16:22.275 --> 16:23.629
at the time of India's

16:23.629 --> 16:25.327
independence, there was great—

16:25.327 --> 16:27.875
there was a great riot between

16:27.875 --> 16:29.685
two communities in Kolkata.

16:29.685 --> 16:30.838
And you know, the thing is,

16:30.839 --> 16:33.161
he had— you know, the thing is,

16:33.162 --> 16:35.116
he undertook fast unto death

16:37.808 --> 16:38.849
and because of that,

16:38.849 --> 16:40.772
his kidneys stopped functioning

16:40.772 --> 16:42.494
properly, in fact. But anyway,

16:42.494 --> 16:43.439
he didn't budge.

16:43.440 --> 16:45.995
But the people who had

16:45.995 --> 16:47.573
antagonized him through

16:47.573 --> 16:48.822
their violent actions,

16:48.823 --> 16:50.064
they had to come to

16:50.064 --> 16:51.941
him and say 'Yes,

16:51.941 --> 16:53.643
we will stop this.

16:53.644 --> 16:55.804
Please take food.' So that was

16:55.804 --> 16:57.249
the power of Mahatma Gandhi.

16:57.249 --> 16:58.895
Very few human beings

16:58.896 --> 17:00.028
will have it.

17:00.028 --> 17:01.706
Let me say, all over the world,

17:01.706 --> 17:03.441
very few human beings have it.

17:03.441 --> 17:05.480
Then organizing ability.

17:05.481 --> 17:06.075
When,

17:06.075 --> 17:08.082
when we think of organizing

17:08.083 --> 17:08.813
ability,

17:08.814 --> 17:09.584
okay,

17:09.584 --> 17:11.117
Mahatma Gandhi was one of

17:11.117 --> 17:13.029
the greatest organizers,

17:13.030 --> 17:14.603
greatest organizer,

17:14.604 --> 17:16.499
because when Indian National

17:16.499 --> 17:18.009
Congress was formed sometime in

17:18.009 --> 17:21.261
around 1882 or so The thing is,

17:21.262 --> 17:23.873
it was to a certain extent

17:23.873 --> 17:25.713
elitist, I would say. That is,

17:25.714 --> 17:27.851
elites, people who are educated,

17:27.851 --> 17:28.638
lawyers,

17:28.639 --> 17:30.470
merchants, and others, you know,

17:30.470 --> 17:32.808
the thing is they wanted better

17:32.808 --> 17:35.001
treatment for educated Indians

17:35.001 --> 17:36.969
by the British who are not

17:36.969 --> 17:39.054
allowing them to enter into

17:39.055 --> 17:40.132
civil service and so many

17:40.132 --> 17:41.055
things, in fact.

17:41.056 --> 17:43.251
So in a just way,

17:43.251 --> 17:44.879
so they wanted to give

17:44.880 --> 17:46.398
representation, that's all.

17:46.399 --> 17:50.639
So this went on in 1906.

17:50.639 --> 17:53.062
Extremists and moderates

17:53.062 --> 17:53.384
were there—

17:53.384 --> 17:54.495
Bal Gangadhar Tilak and

17:54.495 --> 17:55.316
Gopal Krishna Gokhale—

17:55.316 --> 17:56.443
and Congress was split and all

17:56.443 --> 17:58.731
those things. But in 1915,

17:58.731 --> 18:01.430
Mahatma Gandhi entered the

18:01.430 --> 18:04.283
Indian National Independence

18:04.283 --> 18:05.169
Movement.

18:05.169 --> 18:07.315
But that time onwards,

18:07.315 --> 18:08.526
let me tell you,

18:08.527 --> 18:10.127
because of his organizing

18:10.128 --> 18:10.379
ability,

18:12.390 --> 18:13.183
you know, the thing is,

18:13.183 --> 18:14.712
it was so formidable.

18:14.713 --> 18:17.231
He converted whatever was an

18:17.231 --> 18:19.195
elitist movement, Congress,

18:19.196 --> 18:22.002
into a mass movement involving

18:22.003 --> 18:24.504
millions or tens of millions

18:24.504 --> 18:25.242
of Indians,

18:25.243 --> 18:26.982
most of whom were illiterate.

18:26.983 --> 18:28.498
How are you going to communicate

18:28.498 --> 18:29.027
to them?

18:29.028 --> 18:30.912
That was Mahatma Gandhi.

18:30.912 --> 18:33.711
It is not easy to convert

18:33.711 --> 18:36.437
something having committed

18:36.437 --> 18:38.466
people who are in thousands to

18:38.466 --> 18:40.078
tens of millions of people.

18:40.078 --> 18:41.417
That is where the organizing

18:41.417 --> 18:42.548
ability and leadership of

18:42.548 --> 18:44.072
Mahatma Gandhi came.

18:44.072 --> 18:45.766
This was another,

18:45.766 --> 18:46.777
this one,

18:46.778 --> 18:48.591
great quality of Mahatma Gandhi.

18:48.592 --> 18:50.117
Then leadership.

18:50.118 --> 18:51.955
Mahatma Gandhi,

18:51.956 --> 18:53.931
when he assumed the leadership

18:53.931 --> 18:55.608
of the Congress Party and the

18:55.609 --> 18:57.262
Indian National Independence

18:57.263 --> 18:58.402
Movement,

18:58.403 --> 19:00.080
he commanded respect.

19:00.081 --> 19:01.983
He never demanded respect.

19:01.983 --> 19:04.359
Okay. His actions,

19:04.360 --> 19:06.310
his moral stature

19:06.310 --> 19:09.464
and his actions

19:09.465 --> 19:11.597
made him the leader of

19:11.597 --> 19:13.247
the masses. In fact,

19:13.247 --> 19:15.795
masses who were illiterate

19:15.795 --> 19:17.469
started believing him.

19:17.469 --> 19:18.727
And you know, the thing is,

19:18.727 --> 19:20.209
he was against,

19:20.209 --> 19:20.698
you know,

19:20.698 --> 19:22.100
the thing is prohibition and all

19:22.100 --> 19:23.742
those things. He was for them,

19:23.742 --> 19:25.400
and many people stopped drinking

19:25.401 --> 19:26.289
in this sense.

19:26.290 --> 19:27.059
Okay,

19:27.059 --> 19:29.534
thanks to the persuasive power,

19:29.535 --> 19:31.297
formidable persuasive power

19:31.297 --> 19:33.116
of Mahatma Gandhi.

19:33.116 --> 19:36.088
He said his life itself

19:36.088 --> 19:37.113
was a message.

19:37.114 --> 19:39.256
He lived as he preached.

19:39.257 --> 19:41.160
It is not easy in many places.

19:41.160 --> 19:43.087
At many times we don't see

19:43.087 --> 19:43.753
this kind of thing.

19:43.754 --> 19:45.415
That is why he is rarest of

19:45.415 --> 19:46.619
the rare human beings,

19:46.620 --> 19:47.478
I would say.

19:47.479 --> 19:49.679
Mahatma Gandhi is like that,

19:49.679 --> 19:50.522
and he,

19:50.522 --> 19:53.260
he provided the moral leadership

19:53.260 --> 19:54.223
not only for India,

19:54.223 --> 19:55.765
for the entire world.

19:55.765 --> 19:57.491
Okay, so the thing is,

19:57.491 --> 19:58.535
millions of Indians,

19:58.535 --> 19:59.619
Congress

19:59.619 --> 20:02.517
which was very prominent in the

20:02.517 --> 20:04.324
Indian independence movement,

20:04.324 --> 20:06.163
rallied behind him.

20:06.163 --> 20:07.744
Many instances You know,

20:07.744 --> 20:09.259
the thing is either it is Salt

20:09.259 --> 20:10.862
Satyagraha or Quit

20:10.862 --> 20:11.350
India Movement.

20:11.351 --> 20:13.089
If you see how millions,

20:13.090 --> 20:14.660
tens of millions or hundreds

20:14.660 --> 20:15.830
of millions of people,

20:15.831 --> 20:17.160
they went to jails,

20:17.161 --> 20:19.197
they went to jail along with

20:19.197 --> 20:20.543
Mahatma Gandhi, of course.

20:20.543 --> 20:22.739
Even 5 years before we

20:22.739 --> 20:23.644
got independence,

20:23.645 --> 20:24.702
these things happened.

20:24.703 --> 20:26.185
So that was the power of Mahatma

20:26.185 --> 20:28.221
Gandhi which we have to cherish.

20:28.221 --> 20:29.383
And of course,

20:29.383 --> 20:31.154
inspiring ability.

20:31.154 --> 20:34.272
Inspiring ability is yet another

20:34.272 --> 20:35.137
quality of Mahatma Gandhi.

20:35.138 --> 20:36.468
Mahatma Gandhi.

20:36.468 --> 20:37.799
You know, the thing is,

20:37.799 --> 20:39.507
the paradox is he was nominated

20:39.507 --> 20:40.966
for Nobel Prize many times.

20:40.966 --> 20:42.513
It's a paradox, really.

20:42.514 --> 20:43.780
He never got it,

20:43.780 --> 20:46.370
but the people who took

20:46.370 --> 20:47.781
him as an ideal,

20:47.781 --> 20:49.929
they got the Nobel Prize.

20:49.930 --> 20:51.076
For example,

20:51.076 --> 20:52.936
take the case of Martin

20:52.936 --> 20:54.067
Luther King Jr.,

20:54.067 --> 20:55.197
okay? The thing is,

20:55.197 --> 20:56.705
if you study the history

20:56.705 --> 20:58.020
of the United States,

20:58.020 --> 21:00.738
Afro-Americans were oppressed

21:00.738 --> 21:02.525
like anything in those days.

21:02.526 --> 21:04.728
They didn't have voting rights,

21:04.729 --> 21:07.885
and violence was unleashed

21:07.885 --> 21:10.137
upon them in those days.

21:10.137 --> 21:10.761
I am telling now,

21:10.762 --> 21:12.283
things are becoming different.

21:12.284 --> 21:13.325
In those days,

21:13.326 --> 21:14.695
by the established

21:14.695 --> 21:15.921
system itself.

21:15.921 --> 21:19.006
But notwithstanding the sincere

21:19.006 --> 21:20.255
efforts of John F.

21:20.255 --> 21:21.970
Kennedy or Eisenhower or

21:21.970 --> 21:23.476
Kennedy or Johnson,

21:23.477 --> 21:27.025
but Martin Luther King took

21:27.025 --> 21:29.917
Mahatma Gandhi as his ideal.

21:29.918 --> 21:31.738
Okay, he said non-violence,

21:31.739 --> 21:32.469
which was preached by

21:32.469 --> 21:33.784
Mahatma Gandhi,

21:33.785 --> 21:37.098
means avoiding not only external

21:37.098 --> 21:38.381
physical violence but also

21:38.382 --> 21:40.491
internal violence of spirit.

21:40.492 --> 21:42.008
You not only refuse

21:42.008 --> 21:43.363
to shoot a man,

21:43.364 --> 21:45.385
but you refuse to hate him.

21:45.386 --> 21:46.492
Look at this.

21:46.493 --> 21:48.795
Martin Luther King Jr.,

21:48.796 --> 21:50.295
he was also an apostle

21:50.295 --> 21:51.956
of non-violence,

21:51.957 --> 21:53.585
and

21:53.585 --> 21:55.414
he was also

21:55.414 --> 21:58.570
killed by a white supremacist..

21:58.570 --> 21:59.150
Okay,

21:59.150 --> 22:00.750
and he won the Nobel Prize

22:00.750 --> 22:02.630
before that. Okay, of course,

22:02.630 --> 22:04.050
Nelson Mandela,

22:04.050 --> 22:05.850
who was incarcerated in prison

22:05.850 --> 22:08.210
for more than 26 years by the

22:08.210 --> 22:10.330
racist South African apartheid

22:10.330 --> 22:11.650
government,

22:11.650 --> 22:13.390
actually he stood for

22:13.390 --> 22:15.270
non-violence. And of course,

22:15.270 --> 22:15.830
in the end,

22:15.830 --> 22:17.410
he had to be released and became

22:17.410 --> 22:18.690
President of South Africa,

22:18.690 --> 22:19.610
and the rest is history.

22:19.610 --> 22:21.250
These are all the people who

22:21.250 --> 22:23.210
were inspired by Mahatma Gandhi.

22:23.210 --> 22:25.144
And at the local level You know,

22:25.145 --> 22:25.619
the thing is,

22:25.619 --> 22:26.775
in the college where I studied

22:26.775 --> 22:28.093
at Bangalore University,

22:28.093 --> 22:28.655
there is

22:30.278 --> 22:30.937
one person—

22:30.937 --> 22:32.993
there was one person by name Dr.

22:32.993 --> 22:33.821
H. Narasimhaya,

22:33.821 --> 22:34.665
who was the former Vice

22:34.665 --> 22:36.153
Chancellor of Bangalore

22:36.153 --> 22:37.123
University.

22:37.123 --> 22:39.274
You can see him in this picture,

22:39.274 --> 22:41.230
and if I take the cursor— yeah,

22:41.231 --> 22:42.669
he is Dr.

22:42.670 --> 22:44.416
Narasimhaya during his Childhood

22:44.416 --> 22:46.619
days he met Mahatma Gandhi when

22:46.619 --> 22:49.254
he visited old Mysore state,

22:49.254 --> 22:50.496
and that is the way it is.

22:50.496 --> 22:51.401
And H.

22:51.401 --> 22:53.588
Narsimhaya led a staunch

22:53.588 --> 22:54.885
Gandhian way of life.

22:54.886 --> 22:56.287
I am a testimony to it.

22:56.287 --> 22:57.505
I have seen him, in fact.

22:57.505 --> 22:58.073
So,

22:58.074 --> 23:01.654
Mahatma Gandhi was a great

23:01.654 --> 23:03.040
leader who inspired,

23:03.040 --> 23:05.339
like our Vikram Sarabhai.

23:05.339 --> 23:06.452
And, of course,

23:06.452 --> 23:08.014
selfless service.

23:08.014 --> 23:11.330
Mahatma Gandhi was a disciple of

23:11.331 --> 23:13.205
another great Indian by name

23:13.205 --> 23:15.223
Gopalakrishna Gokhale, in fact.

23:15.224 --> 23:15.953
So,

23:15.954 --> 23:17.350
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the

23:17.350 --> 23:19.043
person who founded Servants

23:19.043 --> 23:20.311
of India Society.

23:20.311 --> 23:21.506
Servants of India,

23:21.506 --> 23:23.151
it is public service.

23:23.152 --> 23:25.093
It should be sanctified.

23:25.094 --> 23:26.642
That was the view.

23:26.643 --> 23:28.528
You have to forget your family,

23:28.528 --> 23:30.261
your personal belongings

23:30.261 --> 23:30.943
and all those things,

23:30.944 --> 23:32.227
personal pleasures,

23:32.227 --> 23:34.265
and at least contribute to your

23:34.266 --> 23:35.798
country. Those were the days.

23:35.799 --> 23:37.010
And people sacrificed,

23:37.010 --> 23:38.205
including Mahatma Gandhi

23:38.206 --> 23:39.249
and many others,

23:39.249 --> 23:39.786
okay.

23:39.787 --> 23:41.704
Sacrificed their entire family

23:41.704 --> 23:43.381
life, their wealth,

23:43.382 --> 23:44.537
everything in fact,

23:44.538 --> 23:45.867
for the sake of the country,

23:45.868 --> 23:46.448
in fact.

23:46.448 --> 23:49.053
So this selfless service

23:49.054 --> 23:51.917
which Gandhiji learnt through

23:51.917 --> 23:53.934
his guru Gopalakrishna Gokhale,

23:53.934 --> 23:56.003
and of course he presided

23:56.003 --> 23:57.766
over the formation of

23:59.982 --> 24:01.187
Bharat Seva Dal.

24:01.188 --> 24:03.540
It was founded here in Karnataka

24:03.540 --> 24:06.214
by N.S. Hardiker in Hubli.

24:06.214 --> 24:07.783
Okay, that is the way it is.

24:07.784 --> 24:09.426
And selfless service

24:09.426 --> 24:10.754
was the hallmark of

24:12.498 --> 24:13.515
Mahatma Gandhi,

24:13.516 --> 24:15.349
which inspired many others.

24:15.350 --> 24:17.352
Not only the people who are

24:17.353 --> 24:18.394
doing social service,

24:18.395 --> 24:20.899
even industrialists like GD

24:20.899 --> 24:22.452
Birla is one example.

24:22.453 --> 24:24.451
That's why many industrialists

24:24.451 --> 24:27.073
associated with the Indian

24:27.074 --> 24:28.716
National Independence Movement

24:28.717 --> 24:29.882
at that time and contributed

24:29.882 --> 24:31.589
significantly to it.

24:31.589 --> 24:33.466
And of course, compassion—

24:33.467 --> 24:36.856
this was another facet of,

24:36.856 --> 24:39.620
important facet of Mahatma

24:39.620 --> 24:43.124
Gandhi's persona in the sense he

24:43.124 --> 24:44.530
had compassion not

24:44.530 --> 24:46.065
only for animals,

24:46.066 --> 24:47.617
he had compassion for

24:47.617 --> 24:48.935
human beings.

24:48.935 --> 24:50.575
Once Mahatma Gandhi told,

24:52.252 --> 24:54.926
a nation's moral stature is

24:54.926 --> 24:56.988
revealed by the way it treats

24:56.988 --> 24:58.292
its animals. In fact,

24:58.293 --> 24:59.227
that is the way it is.

25:00.780 --> 25:01.764
Gandhiji was a strict

25:01.764 --> 25:02.418
vegetarian.

25:02.419 --> 25:03.313
You can see him with

25:03.314 --> 25:04.524
goats in England,

25:04.525 --> 25:06.671
and he was very reluctant

25:06.671 --> 25:07.784
to take cow milk also.

25:07.785 --> 25:08.842
With great persuasion,

25:08.842 --> 25:09.447
he was taking

25:11.328 --> 25:12.538
goat milk, in fact,

25:12.538 --> 25:17.073
and that was his main food,

25:17.073 --> 25:17.754
I would say.

25:17.754 --> 25:20.222
But many of the people in ISRO

25:20.222 --> 25:22.529
headquarters might have visited

25:22.530 --> 25:24.380
Saak at that time.

25:24.381 --> 25:26.079
Those of you who have not gone

25:26.079 --> 25:27.906
to Sabarmati Ashram,

25:27.906 --> 25:29.052
kindly go there.

25:29.052 --> 25:30.534
My driver told me, sir,

25:30.534 --> 25:32.040
you go and come back outside,

25:32.041 --> 25:33.138
you change.

25:33.139 --> 25:35.263
Definitely I experienced that.

25:35.263 --> 25:38.305
Some kind of spiritual thing,

25:38.305 --> 25:39.564
I don't know how to characterize

25:39.564 --> 25:41.324
it, occurred even within me,

25:41.324 --> 25:42.285
maybe minuscule.

25:42.285 --> 25:43.237
That is the way it is.

25:43.238 --> 25:45.023
That is the power of Gandhiji.

25:45.023 --> 25:47.966
And of course, persuasiveness.

25:47.967 --> 25:50.086
Gandhi was the greatest

25:50.086 --> 25:51.938
persuader, I would say, in fact.

25:51.938 --> 25:54.598
Through his method of truth and

25:54.598 --> 25:56.724
non-violence and Satyagraha,

25:56.724 --> 25:58.850
he persuaded Britain

26:00.499 --> 26:02.625
to grant independence to India.

26:02.625 --> 26:03.282
Of course,

26:03.282 --> 26:06.785
it is not only the Gandhi's

26:06.785 --> 26:09.207
urging or Gandhi's methods

26:09.208 --> 26:10.467
were entirely,

26:10.467 --> 26:12.576
entirely responsible for

26:12.577 --> 26:14.630
British granting independence

26:14.630 --> 26:14.975
to India.

26:14.975 --> 26:16.226
There were many other reasons.

26:16.227 --> 26:18.497
It became devastated by

26:18.497 --> 26:19.580
the Second World War.

26:19.580 --> 26:20.638
It could not hold on

26:20.639 --> 26:22.146
to its empire.

26:22.147 --> 26:24.537
So the thing is,

26:24.537 --> 26:26.421
that is the reason

26:26.422 --> 26:28.876
why Britain had to

26:28.877 --> 26:30.794
grant independence to India,

26:30.794 --> 26:33.153
but Gandhiji's methods and

26:33.154 --> 26:34.671
Gandhiji's leadership and

26:34.671 --> 26:37.192
Gandhi's struggle for freedom

26:37.192 --> 26:39.030
played a very important role.

26:39.030 --> 26:41.109
So was the case with—

26:41.110 --> 26:43.205
there was one Jan Smuts in

26:43.205 --> 26:44.241
South Africa who was

26:44.241 --> 26:45.452
the administrator.

26:45.453 --> 26:46.810
You must know one thing,

26:46.810 --> 26:47.934
we must know one thing,

26:47.934 --> 26:50.840
that Gandhiji perfected the art

26:50.840 --> 26:52.614
of Satyagraha in India.

26:52.614 --> 26:54.613
He was in South Africa as

26:54.613 --> 26:56.725
a lawyer for 21 years.

26:56.725 --> 26:57.579
Okay,

26:57.579 --> 27:00.330
that is where he perfected

27:00.330 --> 27:01.177
this method.

27:01.178 --> 27:03.025
And even Jan Smuts,

27:03.025 --> 27:04.389
who was an enemy at that time

27:04.389 --> 27:06.140
for Mahatma Gandhi because he

27:06.140 --> 27:08.467
stood for Indian rights,

27:08.467 --> 27:11.204
later became a great appreciator

27:11.204 --> 27:12.483
of Mahatma Gandhi.

27:12.484 --> 27:15.575
That kind of persuasiveness was

27:15.575 --> 27:17.034
one of the hallmarks of

27:17.035 --> 27:17.995
Gandhiji's persona.

27:19.593 --> 27:20.562
And of course, wit.

27:20.562 --> 27:22.361
This is the one which many of

27:22.362 --> 27:24.097
you might not have come

27:24.097 --> 27:25.167
across easily.

27:25.168 --> 27:27.260
Many people think that Gandhiji

27:27.260 --> 27:28.584
was a serious person other

27:28.584 --> 27:30.501
than independence or even

27:30.502 --> 27:32.444
vegetarianism and truthfulness

27:32.444 --> 27:33.046
and all those things.

27:33.046 --> 27:34.369
He was always meditating.

27:34.370 --> 27:35.734
It is not so.

27:35.734 --> 27:37.339
He was very witty.

27:37.340 --> 27:38.920
It seems

27:38.920 --> 27:41.608
I got it confirmed recently.

27:41.608 --> 27:43.053
You know, the thing is,

27:43.053 --> 27:45.572
when one reporter asked him,

27:45.573 --> 27:47.185
Mr. Gandhi,

27:47.185 --> 27:50.098
what's your opinion on European

27:50.098 --> 27:50.812
civilization,

27:50.813 --> 27:52.121
or Western civilization to be

27:52.121 --> 27:53.204
more precise? Mr. Gandhi,

27:53.204 --> 27:54.913
what is your view on Western

27:54.913 --> 27:56.764
civilization. He asked it, same.

27:56.764 --> 27:59.048
Gandhiji thought for a while

27:59.048 --> 28:01.044
and told, it's a good idea,

28:01.044 --> 28:01.941
he told it, same.

28:01.942 --> 28:04.786
So this was one of the greatest

28:04.787 --> 28:07.255
witty remarks of Gandhiji.

28:07.256 --> 28:08.361
Another thing is,

28:08.362 --> 28:09.652
once he went to England,

28:09.652 --> 28:11.295
probably in 1931,

28:11.295 --> 28:12.225
when he visited during the

28:12.225 --> 28:13.507
Second Round Table Conference

28:13.507 --> 28:15.294
at that time, probably.

28:15.294 --> 28:17.410
So at that time he was in

28:17.410 --> 28:19.093
his lion cloth dhoti,

28:19.094 --> 28:21.265
and he was clad in that.

28:21.266 --> 28:24.406
And some people asked him,

28:24.406 --> 28:27.178
'Mr. Gandhi, you met the King,

28:27.179 --> 28:29.862
King of British Empire.

28:29.862 --> 28:31.112
So the thing is,

28:31.112 --> 28:32.858
in these clothes,

28:32.859 --> 28:34.565
didn't you think it was

28:34.565 --> 28:35.975
inappropriate?' they asked,

28:35.975 --> 28:36.608
it seems.

28:36.608 --> 28:38.338
For which Mahatma Gandhi

28:38.339 --> 28:40.349
replied that,

28:40.350 --> 28:41.671
'Anyway,

28:41.672 --> 28:43.210
I don't know whether I was

28:43.210 --> 28:44.604
dressed properly or not,

28:44.604 --> 28:46.743
but the King had enough for both

28:46.743 --> 28:48.377
of us,' he told, it seems.

28:48.378 --> 28:50.223
So that was the second thing.

28:50.224 --> 28:53.956
And another thing which

28:53.957 --> 28:55.450
brings out the

28:55.450 --> 28:58.276
witty character of Mahatma

28:58.276 --> 28:59.472
Gandhi is,

28:59.472 --> 29:01.824
so some people asked him,

29:01.824 --> 29:03.630
especially the reporters again,

29:03.631 --> 29:04.674
Mr. Gandhi,

29:04.674 --> 29:07.050
why you travel in third

29:07.050 --> 29:08.005
class always?

29:08.006 --> 29:09.579
What makes you to travel in

29:09.579 --> 29:11.425
third class train? I mean,

29:11.425 --> 29:13.328
third class during your train

29:13.328 --> 29:14.579
journey, they asked.

29:14.580 --> 29:16.367
Then immediately he replied,

29:16.367 --> 29:16.863
it seems,

29:16.863 --> 29:18.241
because there is no fourth

29:18.242 --> 29:19.051
class there,

29:19.051 --> 29:20.477
otherwise I would have traveled

29:20.477 --> 29:21.270
in fourth class.

29:21.270 --> 29:23.626
So these are the three incidents

29:23.626 --> 29:24.587
there was. And you know,

29:24.587 --> 29:25.412
the thing is,

29:25.413 --> 29:28.016
and once Mr. Gandhi, I mean,

29:28.017 --> 29:29.018
Gandhiji is supposed

29:29.018 --> 29:30.332
to have remarked

29:30.332 --> 29:31.982
to many of his,

29:31.983 --> 29:33.986
the media persons,

29:33.986 --> 29:36.181
that I stand for equality but

29:36.181 --> 29:37.880
not for photographers and

29:37.880 --> 29:39.298
journalists, he told it.

29:39.298 --> 29:41.424
So These are the 4 instances.

29:41.424 --> 29:42.572
There are many like that,

29:42.572 --> 29:45.534
but Gandhiji was a very

29:45.534 --> 29:47.428
interesting character.

29:47.429 --> 29:50.037
And not only

29:50.038 --> 29:53.353
he was serious when it required,

29:53.353 --> 29:55.528
and extraordinary human being,

29:55.529 --> 29:57.094
but at the same time we have

29:57.094 --> 29:58.145
to appreciate one thing,

29:58.146 --> 30:00.570
he was witty also, in fact.

30:00.570 --> 30:03.805
Now that is why Albert Einstein

30:03.805 --> 30:06.213
wrote like this.

30:06.213 --> 30:09.210
I believe that Gandhi's views

30:09.211 --> 30:11.631
were the most enlightened of all

30:11.631 --> 30:13.546
the political men of our time.

30:13.546 --> 30:15.157
We should strive to do

30:15.157 --> 30:16.719
things in his spirit,

30:16.720 --> 30:19.612
not to use violence in fighting

30:19.612 --> 30:20.710
for our cause,

30:20.711 --> 30:22.898
but by non-participation in

30:22.898 --> 30:25.766
anything you believe is evil.

30:25.767 --> 30:27.329
This is very important.

30:27.330 --> 30:28.988
Albert Einstein is known

30:28.989 --> 30:30.454
all over the world,

30:30.455 --> 30:32.947
and the world remembers him and

30:32.947 --> 30:34.462
appreciates him and thanks him

30:34.462 --> 30:36.513
for whatever work he did,

30:36.514 --> 30:38.863
but he was a really great

30:38.863 --> 30:41.292
appreciator of Mahatma Gandhi.

30:41.293 --> 30:42.119
I'll come to that

30:42.119 --> 30:43.089
a little later.

30:43.089 --> 30:44.476
I think this completes the

30:44.476 --> 30:46.200
first part of my talk,

30:46.200 --> 30:48.317
and in the second part

30:48.317 --> 30:49.744
I'll try to—

30:49.744 --> 30:51.300
okay, before that,

30:51.300 --> 30:52.983
let me say

30:52.984 --> 30:55.982
how relevant it is.

30:55.983 --> 30:57.554
This is the core of my talk,

30:57.554 --> 30:59.446
the kernel of my talk:

30:59.447 --> 31:01.331
the relevance of Mahatma

31:01.331 --> 31:02.774
Gandhi's legacy in the

31:02.774 --> 31:04.249
present context,

31:04.249 --> 31:05.749
how we can draw parallels in

31:05.749 --> 31:07.564
fact Look at the Swadeshi

31:07.564 --> 31:09.172
movement which Gandhiji

31:09.173 --> 31:10.828
championed, okay.

31:10.828 --> 31:12.435
Swadeshi using

31:12.436 --> 31:15.258
Charkha and all those things and

31:15.259 --> 31:17.280
Khadi and such stuff in the

31:17.280 --> 31:18.544
village industries.

31:18.544 --> 31:21.508
But in the modern world, okay,

31:21.508 --> 31:23.368
in order to survive and in

31:23.369 --> 31:25.587
order to be one amongst

31:27.781 --> 31:29.798
many countries which play a

31:29.798 --> 31:31.105
prominent role in the world

31:31.105 --> 31:32.574
stage at large, okay,

31:34.110 --> 31:34.879
industrialization had

31:34.879 --> 31:35.756
to be taken up.

31:35.756 --> 31:37.821
In by early India itself, okay,

31:37.821 --> 31:39.544
early independent India itself.

31:39.545 --> 31:40.290
Of course,

31:40.290 --> 31:41.957
Gandhiji was never opposed

31:41.957 --> 31:42.975
to industrialization,

31:42.975 --> 31:44.706
but he said there was a limit.

31:44.706 --> 31:46.862
But whatever Gandhiji preached

31:46.862 --> 31:48.160
as Swadeshi movement in

31:48.161 --> 31:49.803
pre-independence days,

31:49.804 --> 31:50.717
today,

31:50.718 --> 31:53.186
Atmanirbhar Bharat,

31:53.186 --> 31:54.011
today we are having

31:54.012 --> 31:54.973
the same thing.

31:54.974 --> 31:57.426
And ISRO has recently announced

31:57.426 --> 31:58.668
what are all the measures it is

31:58.668 --> 32:01.634
taking to take up India much

32:01.634 --> 32:04.594
higher in the domain of space

32:04.595 --> 32:06.248
by privatizing things.

32:06.248 --> 32:06.898
In fact,

32:06.898 --> 32:08.551
this is a very noble endeavor.

32:08.552 --> 32:09.811
Chairman of ISRO has talked

32:09.811 --> 32:11.304
in many forums about it,

32:11.305 --> 32:12.123
and much has been

32:12.123 --> 32:13.608
talked about it

32:13.608 --> 32:15.141
in the country.

32:15.141 --> 32:17.091
So Swadeshi movement and

32:17.092 --> 32:18.680
Atmanirbhar Bharat,

32:18.681 --> 32:19.884
Atmanirbhar Bharata,

32:19.885 --> 32:20.711
whatever our Prime Minister

32:20.711 --> 32:21.939
is saying today,

32:21.939 --> 32:23.657
so these are all related

32:23.657 --> 32:24.861
to Swadeshi only.

32:24.861 --> 32:25.912
Whatever Gandhi told

32:25.912 --> 32:26.594
at that time,

32:26.595 --> 32:27.999
in a different dimension

32:27.999 --> 32:29.187
we are practicing it.

32:29.187 --> 32:31.210
And I am very happy to say that

32:31.210 --> 32:33.336
ISRO is practicing this

32:33.337 --> 32:34.154
Many of you know,

32:34.154 --> 32:36.302
but some of the newly

32:36.303 --> 32:39.092
joined people in ISRO also

32:39.093 --> 32:40.447
probably might be listening to

32:40.447 --> 32:41.794
this. You know, the thing is,

32:41.795 --> 32:43.165
when we were making sounding

32:43.165 --> 32:44.472
rockets which are hardly 1

32:44.472 --> 32:46.620
feet or 2 feet in length,

32:46.621 --> 32:48.488
even at that time Indian

32:48.489 --> 32:49.667
companies like Indian

32:49.667 --> 32:51.398
Aluminium or,

32:51.399 --> 32:51.832
you know

32:53.579 --> 32:54.750
Hylam Baker,

32:54.750 --> 32:56.642
okay, or even Wimco,

32:56.642 --> 32:57.524
which was partly owned

32:57.524 --> 32:58.149
by foreign countries,

32:58.149 --> 32:59.512
but anyway it was in India,

32:59.512 --> 33:01.292
all these companies were used.

33:01.292 --> 33:03.603
Vikram Sarabhai was one of the

33:03.603 --> 33:05.545
greatest proponents of Swadeshi

33:05.546 --> 33:07.776
movement as in the

33:07.776 --> 33:08.996
proper context.

33:08.996 --> 33:11.235
In 1969 or 1970,

33:11.235 --> 33:13.330
when a huge 97-foot antenna

33:13.330 --> 33:15.079
was being built

33:15.079 --> 33:18.192
in India near Aarvee in Pune,

33:18.193 --> 33:18.698
okay,

33:18.698 --> 33:19.910
for overseas communication

33:19.910 --> 33:20.199
system,

33:20.199 --> 33:21.964
when he came to know that the

33:21.965 --> 33:24.179
contract would be given

33:24.180 --> 33:25.118
for a foreign company,

33:25.118 --> 33:26.964
he went and talked to the the

33:26.964 --> 33:28.255
then Communications Minister

33:28.255 --> 33:29.658
Sardar Swaran Singh and said,

33:29.658 --> 33:30.307
no,

33:30.307 --> 33:32.423
we have the ability to build.

33:32.424 --> 33:34.436
And that is how it is an Indian

33:34.437 --> 33:35.647
indigenous antenna today.

33:35.647 --> 33:37.251
Even today it stands as a

33:37.251 --> 33:39.215
testimony to India's,

33:39.215 --> 33:41.444
this one, swadeshi spirit.

33:41.444 --> 33:42.486
And of course,

33:42.486 --> 33:44.290
second thing is hygiene

33:44.290 --> 33:45.605
and public health.

33:45.605 --> 33:46.663
Okay,

33:46.664 --> 33:48.756
again we can draw parallels.

33:48.756 --> 33:49.550
Okay,

33:49.550 --> 33:50.511
okay,

33:50.512 --> 33:53.783
the thing is today also we have

33:53.783 --> 33:54.730
so Swachh Chitta Mission

33:54.730 --> 33:55.107
is there,

33:55.107 --> 33:56.600
Swachh Chitta Abhiyan is there.

33:56.601 --> 33:57.547
The Prime Minister has

33:57.548 --> 33:58.238
time and again,

33:58.238 --> 34:01.617
he has told especially about the

34:01.617 --> 34:04.346
public toilets and toilets for

34:04.346 --> 34:05.213
each and every house in

34:05.213 --> 34:06.713
the rural household,

34:06.713 --> 34:08.532
how public health is important.

34:08.533 --> 34:11.018
He has, he has time and again,

34:11.018 --> 34:12.524
time and again he has told,

34:12.525 --> 34:14.281
and thanks to that, you know,

34:14.281 --> 34:15.170
at least some kind of

34:15.170 --> 34:16.501
awareness has come.

34:16.502 --> 34:17.447
Okay,

34:17.447 --> 34:19.058
it might not be 95%,

34:19.059 --> 34:22.103
but still in the present

34:22.105 --> 34:23.931
and many other times,

34:23.933 --> 34:25.431
the kind of ambience which we

34:25.431 --> 34:28.109
have is some kind of cynic-ness

34:28.110 --> 34:30.033
Okay, cynical attitude.

34:30.033 --> 34:31.210
Even there,

34:31.212 --> 34:32.918
the Prime Minister came and

34:32.918 --> 34:34.266
talked about those things,

34:34.266 --> 34:36.114
and which Gandhiji told long

34:36.116 --> 34:37.114
back. You know, the thing is,

34:37.116 --> 34:38.059
Gandhiji,

34:38.060 --> 34:39.100
community

34:40.616 --> 34:41.623
toilets,

34:41.623 --> 34:42.648
in those days there

34:42.648 --> 34:45.010
were the less

34:45.010 --> 34:47.299
appealing term like latrines was

34:47.299 --> 34:49.164
used, and now we say toilets.

34:49.165 --> 34:49.991
So the thing is,

34:49.992 --> 34:51.320
toilet cleaning,

34:51.320 --> 34:52.737
he took it as a mission.

34:52.737 --> 34:55.241
Once when Kasturba refused,

34:55.242 --> 34:57.062
he said, I myself will do it.

34:57.062 --> 34:58.528
So that is the kind of thing

34:58.528 --> 34:59.871
Gandhiji practiced.

34:59.872 --> 35:01.263
And in modern India,

35:01.264 --> 35:02.599
the government is trying to

35:02.599 --> 35:03.763
do the same, in fact.

35:03.764 --> 35:05.078
In a different dimension now,

35:05.078 --> 35:07.169
under different context and

35:07.169 --> 35:08.579
in a different time.

35:08.580 --> 35:09.365
And of course,

35:09.365 --> 35:10.671
non-violence

35:10.671 --> 35:12.850
in our country and elsewhere

35:12.850 --> 35:13.339
in the world,

35:13.339 --> 35:15.679
non-violence is the

35:15.679 --> 35:18.572
very much required method which

35:18.572 --> 35:20.783
is which is for the good of the

35:20.783 --> 35:22.706
humanity in the long term.

35:22.707 --> 35:23.644
Okay,

35:23.645 --> 35:27.570
non-violence is the answer to

35:27.571 --> 35:29.357
many of the ills which

35:29.358 --> 35:30.719
plague our society,

35:30.720 --> 35:33.765
which Gandhiji advocated

35:33.765 --> 35:35.031
very well,

35:35.032 --> 35:36.154
and which,

35:36.154 --> 35:37.725
which is being time and again

35:37.726 --> 35:39.602
many saner people have been

35:39.602 --> 35:42.055
advocating. And one,

35:42.056 --> 35:43.370
one should be an optimist,

35:43.371 --> 35:44.589
and I am an optimist in

35:44.589 --> 35:46.273
this regard. Okay,

35:46.274 --> 35:49.096
then let me try to link the

35:49.096 --> 35:50.299
Indian space program in the

35:50.299 --> 35:51.566
next 10 minutes. In fact,

35:51.566 --> 35:53.418
whatever Gandhi had told,

35:53.418 --> 35:55.751
the main theme of the Indian

35:55.751 --> 35:56.441
space program—

35:56.441 --> 35:57.820
why I am bringing it is whatever

35:57.820 --> 35:58.566
we are doing, you know,

35:58.566 --> 36:00.545
Indian space program

36:00.545 --> 36:03.450
is to meet some of the

36:03.451 --> 36:05.318
aspirations of Mahatma Gandhi.

36:05.318 --> 36:07.088
Okay, some of the aspirations.

36:07.089 --> 36:09.296
I'll come to that very shortly.

36:09.297 --> 36:11.610
Indian space program

36:11.610 --> 36:13.252
is the one in which

36:13.252 --> 36:14.618
space technology,

36:14.619 --> 36:16.293
homespun or the homegrown

36:16.293 --> 36:17.522
space technology,

36:17.522 --> 36:19.364
is utilized to solve

36:19.364 --> 36:20.967
down-to-earth problems

36:20.967 --> 36:21.925
of the country.

36:21.926 --> 36:23.342
Why high technology?

36:23.343 --> 36:24.937
To solve down-to-earth problems.

36:24.938 --> 36:25.493
What are they?

36:25.494 --> 36:27.184
I'll come to that. Okay,

36:27.185 --> 36:29.189
so this is what Gandhiji—

36:29.190 --> 36:31.255
Gandhiji's Main concern was the

36:31.255 --> 36:32.595
upliftment of the rural

36:32.595 --> 36:34.344
masses of India. Okay,

36:34.345 --> 36:36.624
so that is what our programs

36:36.624 --> 36:37.233
have done.

36:37.234 --> 36:39.039
So fulfilling Gandhiji's

36:39.039 --> 36:40.708
aspirations for rural India,

36:40.708 --> 36:42.305
that has been taken up as a

36:42.305 --> 36:44.295
mission by the Indian space

36:44.295 --> 36:46.735
program for nearly 5 decades.

36:46.735 --> 36:47.826
Okay,

36:47.827 --> 36:49.696
now in this regard,

36:49.696 --> 36:51.614
the main thing is creating

36:51.614 --> 36:52.786
awareness.

36:52.786 --> 36:54.005
Okay,

36:54.006 --> 36:56.003
then education.

36:56.003 --> 36:58.215
Public health and healthcare,

36:58.216 --> 36:59.842
farming practices,

36:59.843 --> 37:01.397
weather forecasting,

37:01.397 --> 37:03.520
management of natural resources,

37:03.521 --> 37:05.612
and national integration.

37:05.613 --> 37:07.111
So for all these things,

37:07.111 --> 37:07.384
you know,

37:07.384 --> 37:08.538
creating awareness among

37:08.538 --> 37:09.868
the rural masses,

37:09.868 --> 37:11.623
educating them,

37:11.623 --> 37:13.402
educating them about public

37:13.402 --> 37:14.669
health as well as providing

37:14.669 --> 37:15.261
health,

37:15.262 --> 37:16.456
healthcare for millions

37:16.456 --> 37:17.746
of rural masses,

37:17.746 --> 37:19.950
farming practices to make them

37:19.950 --> 37:23.003
more efficient and less prone to

37:23.003 --> 37:24.390
droughts and all those things.

37:24.390 --> 37:26.302
Weather forecasting, you know,

37:26.302 --> 37:28.944
the thing is Indian economy is a

37:28.944 --> 37:30.414
gamble on the monsoon, they say.

37:30.415 --> 37:30.944
In fact,

37:30.945 --> 37:31.836
that is the proverb

37:31.836 --> 37:32.936
which is there,

37:32.936 --> 37:34.631
which is in the vogue.

37:34.631 --> 37:35.418
Okay,

37:35.419 --> 37:38.021
so how to predict monsoon and

37:38.021 --> 37:38.880
all those things, you know,

37:38.880 --> 37:39.314
the things,

37:39.314 --> 37:40.470
all these things would have

37:40.471 --> 37:42.366
endeared our program to Gadhiji,

37:42.366 --> 37:43.177
I feel, in fact,

37:43.178 --> 37:44.382
because it was as per

37:44.382 --> 37:45.330
his thinking.

37:45.330 --> 37:45.973
Of course,

37:45.973 --> 37:49.017
using technology as the tool

37:49.017 --> 37:50.109
for development of India,

37:50.109 --> 37:51.595
not only for development

37:51.596 --> 37:53.744
for rapid development,

37:53.744 --> 37:55.075
rapid and overall development

37:55.075 --> 37:55.436
of India.

37:55.436 --> 37:57.032
Management of natural resources,

37:57.032 --> 37:57.946
I will come to that,

37:57.946 --> 37:59.533
how our Indian remote sensing

37:59.534 --> 38:01.867
satellites and NNRMS are playing

38:01.867 --> 38:03.374
an important role in this and

38:03.375 --> 38:04.970
have played an important role.

38:04.970 --> 38:06.365
And national integration,

38:06.365 --> 38:08.105
of course, I will come to that.

38:08.105 --> 38:09.236
Very quickly,

38:09.236 --> 38:10.294
let me run through the

38:10.294 --> 38:11.633
next 5-6 slides.

38:11.633 --> 38:12.539
Of course,

38:12.540 --> 38:15.602
whatever Gandhiji aspired as

38:15.602 --> 38:16.853
far as Swadeshi thing is,

38:16.853 --> 38:19.436
Swadeshi movement is concerned.

38:19.437 --> 38:21.234
There was another great Gujarati

38:21.234 --> 38:22.149
gentleman by name

38:22.149 --> 38:23.167
Vikram Sarabhai,

38:23.168 --> 38:24.733
who was another great son

38:24.733 --> 38:25.439
of India. He said,

38:25.439 --> 38:26.715
there are some who question the

38:26.715 --> 38:28.287
relevance of space activities

38:28.288 --> 38:30.214
in a developing nation.

38:30.214 --> 38:30.872
To us,

38:30.872 --> 38:32.147
there is no ambiguity

38:32.148 --> 38:32.942
of purpose.

38:32.942 --> 38:35.405
We are not half-hearted at all,

38:35.406 --> 38:36.200
okay?

38:36.200 --> 38:37.203
There is no ambiguity

38:37.203 --> 38:37.869
of purpose.

38:37.869 --> 38:39.370
We don't have the

38:39.370 --> 38:41.713
this one fantasy of competing

38:41.713 --> 38:43.013
with advanced nations in the

38:43.013 --> 38:44.153
exploration of the moon or

38:44.153 --> 38:45.068
the planets or the human

38:45.068 --> 38:45.958
spaceflight. He said,

38:45.958 --> 38:46.456
at that time,

38:46.456 --> 38:48.807
it was pertinent because we were

38:48.807 --> 38:50.525
yet to start the program and now

38:50.525 --> 38:51.857
world has changed in the past 50

38:51.857 --> 38:53.414
years. Okay, that is different.

38:53.414 --> 38:55.292
But we are convinced that if you

38:55.292 --> 38:57.218
are to play a meaningful role

38:57.218 --> 38:58.903
nationally and in the committee

38:58.903 --> 38:59.625
of nations,

38:59.626 --> 39:01.231
we should be second to none in

39:01.231 --> 39:02.531
the application of advanced

39:02.531 --> 39:03.976
technologies to the real

39:03.976 --> 39:05.878
problems of man and society.

39:05.878 --> 39:08.044
For Tarabai,

39:08.045 --> 39:09.384
there was no—

39:09.385 --> 39:11.399
he didn't have the patience

39:11.399 --> 39:13.550
for in an orderly,

39:13.550 --> 39:17.161
slow way of progressing like the

39:17.162 --> 39:18.357
other developed countries did.

39:18.358 --> 39:18.614
It.

39:18.615 --> 39:20.614
He wanted to leapfrog using

39:20.614 --> 39:21.755
modern technology,

39:21.755 --> 39:23.345
and that's what has been

39:23.345 --> 39:24.622
accomplished by Indian Space

39:24.622 --> 39:27.489
Research Organization in India.

39:27.489 --> 39:28.661
Of course,

39:28.662 --> 39:30.693
one of the things which Sarabhai

39:30.694 --> 39:31.738
took up as far as the

39:31.738 --> 39:33.336
applications of space technology

39:33.336 --> 39:35.809
was concerned was Khrushche

39:35.810 --> 39:36.548
Darshan.

39:36.549 --> 39:39.183
As early as 1967, he took it up.

39:39.183 --> 39:39.624
Of course,

39:39.625 --> 39:40.942
this was not through satellites,

39:40.942 --> 39:42.821
using terrestrial television

39:42.821 --> 39:44.588
network only to provide

39:44.588 --> 39:45.825
information on the farming

39:45.825 --> 39:46.668
practices.

39:46.668 --> 39:48.690
Better farming practices

39:48.691 --> 39:50.512
to the Indian farmers.

39:50.512 --> 39:51.820
This was in and around Delhi

39:51.820 --> 39:52.991
only it was done.

39:52.991 --> 39:54.781
And of course, very,

39:54.781 --> 39:56.441
very proactively,

39:56.442 --> 39:57.083
Dr.

39:57.084 --> 39:59.025
Sarabhai pursued what is known

39:59.026 --> 40:00.494
as Satellite Instructional

40:00.494 --> 40:01.497
Television Experiment.

40:01.497 --> 40:04.241
He signed an MOU with the United

40:04.241 --> 40:07.001
States of America, okay, NASA,

40:07.002 --> 40:07.515
okay.

40:07.515 --> 40:09.866
The thing is to use one of their

40:09.866 --> 40:11.326
satellite at free of cost,

40:11.327 --> 40:13.400
one of their satellite to to

40:13.401 --> 40:15.989
demonstrate proof of concept

40:15.989 --> 40:16.918
of satellites,

40:16.919 --> 40:18.900
what wonders they can do for

40:18.900 --> 40:20.533
rural India. Of course,

40:20.534 --> 40:22.636
top left is the Ahmedabad

40:22.636 --> 40:23.348
Earth Station,

40:23.348 --> 40:25.628
which uplinks the programs

40:25.629 --> 40:27.270
on health, hygiene,

40:27.270 --> 40:28.237
family planning,

40:28.238 --> 40:29.692
farming practices, etc.,

40:32.152 --> 40:34.434
to a satellite called ATS-6,

40:34.434 --> 40:35.607
which was launched by NASA,

40:35.608 --> 40:37.152
which in turn beamed it back

40:37.152 --> 40:39.931
to 2,400 villages in India.

40:39.931 --> 40:41.275
This is called a chicken

40:41.276 --> 40:41.943
mesh antenna,

40:41.944 --> 40:43.148
which was about 10

40:43.148 --> 40:44.246
feet in diameter.

40:44.247 --> 40:46.677
That facilitated a receiver

40:46.677 --> 40:49.172
directly receiving TV programs

40:49.172 --> 40:50.391
from the satellite.

40:50.391 --> 40:51.057
You can see a lot of

40:51.057 --> 40:52.019
people watching.

40:52.020 --> 40:54.297
This was the first exposure of

40:54.298 --> 40:55.990
rural people, rural folk,

40:55.990 --> 40:56.896
to television.

40:56.897 --> 40:57.956
Even when Bengaluru did

40:57.956 --> 40:58.926
not have television,

40:58.927 --> 41:00.603
our Gulbarga villages

41:00.603 --> 41:01.533
in Gulbarga,

41:01.534 --> 41:02.616
which are part of SAIT,

41:02.616 --> 41:04.413
received. Yes, that is—

41:04.413 --> 41:06.073
that proved,

41:06.073 --> 41:06.643
you know,

41:06.643 --> 41:08.095
satellites can be used as a

41:08.095 --> 41:10.781
tool for rapid and overall

41:10.781 --> 41:11.911
development of the country as

41:11.911 --> 41:14.147
far as communications and

41:14.147 --> 41:15.389
education is concerned.

41:15.389 --> 41:16.383
Of course,

41:16.383 --> 41:18.899
you can see in this people

41:18.900 --> 41:20.807
watching TV programs

41:20.807 --> 41:21.729
as part of SATE,

41:21.729 --> 41:22.746
and it was taken up at a

41:22.746 --> 41:25.271
higher level by EduSat,

41:25.271 --> 41:26.970
and what wonders it has done.

41:26.971 --> 41:28.277
You know very well there are

41:28.277 --> 41:29.783
different kind of terminals,

41:29.784 --> 41:31.963
okay satellite interactive

41:31.963 --> 41:33.614
terminal or receive-only, RAT,

41:33.614 --> 41:35.129
receive-only terminal is there.

41:35.129 --> 41:38.435
I myself went and taught many

41:38.436 --> 41:40.452
rural teachers in each

41:40.452 --> 41:41.480
and every district.

41:41.481 --> 41:42.942
Let us say about 3,000

41:42.942 --> 41:44.219
teachers totally,

41:44.220 --> 41:45.006
okay?

41:45.007 --> 41:46.919
About 100 people in each

41:46.919 --> 41:48.204
district headquarters,

41:48.204 --> 41:48.983
okay?

41:48.984 --> 41:51.289
I taught them rocket science and

41:51.289 --> 41:53.715
satellites in Kannada from

41:53.715 --> 41:55.321
Ahmedabad 20 years back.

41:55.321 --> 41:56.197
And that day I was

41:56.197 --> 41:57.562
almost in tears.

41:57.563 --> 41:58.358
See,

41:58.358 --> 42:00.262
we are able to reach rural folk,

42:00.262 --> 42:01.579
rural teachers that will

42:01.579 --> 42:03.234
go to rural children.

42:03.234 --> 42:04.694
So thanks to satellites,

42:04.695 --> 42:06.075
about which Sarabhai talked

42:06.075 --> 42:07.134
much earlier.

42:07.135 --> 42:08.266
And of course,

42:08.266 --> 42:10.425
same is the case with another

42:10.425 --> 42:12.183
societal program of ISRO,

42:12.183 --> 42:13.772
that is telemedicine,

42:13.772 --> 42:14.920
which has, you know,

42:14.920 --> 42:17.038
the thing is most of the doctors

42:17.039 --> 42:19.478
being there in urban areas and

42:19.478 --> 42:20.457
most of these patients

42:20.457 --> 42:21.806
in rural areas,

42:21.806 --> 42:23.234
don't displace them in any way.

42:23.235 --> 42:24.470
Nobody is interested to come

42:24.470 --> 42:26.116
here, neither going there.

42:26.116 --> 42:27.600
Without replacing them by

42:27.600 --> 42:29.077
establishing connectivity,

42:29.078 --> 42:32.477
how you can Provide better

42:32.477 --> 42:34.883
healthcare for rural folk.

42:34.884 --> 42:37.355
There are nearly 600,000

42:37.355 --> 42:38.708
villages in India,

42:38.708 --> 42:40.084
6 lakh villages.

42:40.085 --> 42:41.977
How are you going to reach them?

42:43.492 --> 42:44.993
Good healthcare. Yes,

42:44.994 --> 42:46.231
by and large,

42:46.231 --> 42:47.926
as far as consultation,

42:47.926 --> 42:49.187
many other things are concerned,

42:49.187 --> 42:51.252
satellite is one of the greatest

42:51.252 --> 42:52.649
boons in this regard.

42:52.650 --> 42:53.406
And of course,

42:53.406 --> 42:54.446
weather forecasting.

42:54.446 --> 42:55.518
As I told you,

42:55.518 --> 42:57.767
Indian economy is a gamble

42:57.767 --> 42:58.686
on monsoon, they say,

42:58.686 --> 43:00.532
because it is heavily dependent

43:00.532 --> 43:01.801
on monsoon and

43:01.801 --> 43:04.372
Many people used to be killed,

43:04.372 --> 43:05.470
many rural folk only,

43:05.471 --> 43:06.828
not in many urban areas.

43:06.828 --> 43:08.549
Rural folk

43:08.549 --> 43:10.544
who are loved by Gandhi

43:10.544 --> 43:12.360
were actually

43:12.360 --> 43:14.668
used to get killed in tens

43:14.668 --> 43:16.047
of thousands. Today only,

43:16.048 --> 43:19.082
only a few dozen may die if

43:19.082 --> 43:20.681
cyclone were to approach because

43:20.682 --> 43:21.888
of the warning provided

43:21.888 --> 43:22.649
by our satellites.

43:22.650 --> 43:25.046
Especially we have two beautiful

43:25.046 --> 43:26.592
and very capable satellites,

43:26.593 --> 43:28.504
INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR.

43:28.505 --> 43:29.697
Which are there.

43:29.697 --> 43:30.925
And

43:30.925 --> 43:32.772
farming practices,

43:32.772 --> 43:34.827
many of the farming practices

43:34.827 --> 43:36.521
adopted by Indian farmers

43:36.521 --> 43:38.986
since time immemorial,

43:38.986 --> 43:39.620
you know,

43:39.620 --> 43:41.217
they are not very efficient,

43:41.218 --> 43:41.619
okay?

43:41.619 --> 43:43.112
I am talking about Gandhiji's

43:43.112 --> 43:44.196
time, at that time.

43:44.196 --> 43:46.259
But how do you educate them

43:46.260 --> 43:48.314
to adopt better practices,

43:48.315 --> 43:49.045
okay,

43:49.045 --> 43:52.152
so that you can ensure the,

43:52.152 --> 43:55.449
the soil fertility is preserved,

43:55.449 --> 43:56.090
in fact.

43:56.091 --> 43:57.452
So that can be done again

43:57.452 --> 43:58.694
using satellites.

43:58.694 --> 44:00.504
And lots of—

44:00.505 --> 44:02.347
today, tens of crores,

44:02.347 --> 44:03.293
not tens of millions,

44:03.293 --> 44:05.087
tens of crores of people have

44:05.087 --> 44:06.649
been reached through satellites.

44:06.650 --> 44:08.284
Gandhiji would have definitely

44:08.284 --> 44:09.085
liked it.

44:09.086 --> 44:09.742
And, you know,

44:09.742 --> 44:11.921
natural resources management.

44:11.922 --> 44:13.492
After Vikram Sarabhai,

44:13.492 --> 44:14.845
we had yet another great

44:14.846 --> 44:16.448
gentleman who had societal

44:16.448 --> 44:19.123
concern, okay, social concern,

44:19.124 --> 44:19.981
okay.

44:19.981 --> 44:21.976
Indian space program should

44:21.976 --> 44:23.842
have a social value,

44:23.843 --> 44:25.397
should have a social purpose.

44:25.397 --> 44:26.678
He firmly believed.

44:26.679 --> 44:29.186
He was also in certain respect

44:29.186 --> 44:30.348
a Gandhian, I would say.

44:30.348 --> 44:31.350
His name was Professor

44:31.350 --> 44:32.343
Satish Dhawan.

44:32.343 --> 44:33.120
Anyway,

44:33.120 --> 44:34.554
you know that function was there

44:34.554 --> 44:35.708
of Professor Dhawan's

44:35.708 --> 44:36.885
centenary time.

44:36.886 --> 44:37.735
And you know,

44:37.735 --> 44:39.217
the thing is he established what

44:39.217 --> 44:41.140
is known as National Natural

44:41.140 --> 44:42.590
Resources Management System,

44:42.590 --> 44:43.623
established in the sense

44:43.623 --> 44:44.737
he was a key person,

44:44.737 --> 44:45.474
okay.

44:45.474 --> 44:47.164
Like in INSAT Coordination

44:47.165 --> 44:47.525
Committee,

44:47.525 --> 44:49.015
he established NN RMS.

44:49.016 --> 44:52.402
Whether it is for crop acreage

44:52.403 --> 44:54.305
or even yield estimation,

44:54.306 --> 44:56.778
groundwater preservation or

44:56.778 --> 44:58.239
groundwater prospecting,

44:58.240 --> 45:00.808
mineral prospecting, forestry,

45:00.808 --> 45:03.321
or even soil fertility,

45:03.321 --> 45:04.830
that is wasteland classification

45:04.831 --> 45:06.067
and all those things, fishery.

45:06.067 --> 45:07.383
These are the things in

45:07.384 --> 45:09.093
which common folk,

45:09.094 --> 45:11.398
even uneducated people,

45:11.398 --> 45:13.300
crores of people are employed

45:13.300 --> 45:14.408
in India, in fact.

45:14.409 --> 45:17.190
How to make their lives better.

45:17.191 --> 45:19.289
So Indian space program has

45:19.290 --> 45:21.228
facilitated this also.

45:21.228 --> 45:23.174
And as far as national

45:23.174 --> 45:24.163
integration is concerned,

45:24.163 --> 45:25.538
this is almost the—

45:25.539 --> 45:27.332
I'm coming to the end.

45:27.332 --> 45:28.208
Let me Let me tell

45:28.208 --> 45:29.154
you one thing.

45:29.155 --> 45:30.246
See,

45:30.246 --> 45:31.545
our satellites—

45:31.545 --> 45:33.086
many people talk about national

45:33.086 --> 45:35.067
integration. Okay. Gandhi,

45:35.068 --> 45:36.335
Gandhiji would have

45:36.335 --> 45:37.346
cherished that.

45:37.346 --> 45:38.236
Definitely.

45:38.236 --> 45:39.520
He cherished throughout

45:39.520 --> 45:40.073
his life.

45:40.074 --> 45:41.269
He didn't want India to be

45:41.269 --> 45:43.651
divided into two countries.

45:43.651 --> 45:46.122
Look at what he expressed.

45:46.122 --> 45:48.432
National integration was taught

45:48.433 --> 45:51.088
by him as one of the most

45:51.088 --> 45:52.444
essential things.

45:52.444 --> 45:53.920
If you see,

45:53.920 --> 45:55.091
Ragupati Raghav Rajaram,

45:55.092 --> 45:56.471
Patita Pawan Sita Ram.

45:56.472 --> 45:57.882
'Iswar Allah Tere Nam,

45:57.883 --> 45:59.590
Sabukho Sanmati De Bhagwan.'

45:59.590 --> 46:00.960
That is what he told.

46:00.961 --> 46:02.740
So the thing is, for him,

46:02.741 --> 46:04.391
different ethnicities,

46:04.392 --> 46:06.155
different religions,

46:06.155 --> 46:07.494
everything should coexist

46:07.494 --> 46:08.127
in India.

46:08.128 --> 46:09.746
But you see,

46:09.747 --> 46:11.599
integrating them together in an

46:11.599 --> 46:13.843
effective way had not been done

46:13.843 --> 46:15.911
before satellites came.

46:15.912 --> 46:17.098
Even I will tell you

46:17.098 --> 46:18.581
my own experience.

46:18.581 --> 46:19.543
Tamil Nadu,

46:19.543 --> 46:22.316
which was next to this state,

46:22.317 --> 46:23.768
I didn't know much about

46:23.768 --> 46:24.409
the culture,

46:24.409 --> 46:26.132
the greatness of the culture.

46:26.133 --> 46:28.328
During my childhood,

46:28.328 --> 46:30.340
I had seen only one segment of

46:30.340 --> 46:32.168
the population which was not

46:32.168 --> 46:33.209
very educated and all those

46:33.209 --> 46:33.907
things. I was thinking,

46:33.907 --> 46:35.646
and that was my own folly.

46:35.646 --> 46:36.215
I was thinking.

46:36.215 --> 46:38.828
But in the national network,

46:38.828 --> 46:40.503
when programs pertaining to

46:40.503 --> 46:41.705
different states started

46:41.705 --> 46:43.228
appearing after the launch

46:43.228 --> 46:44.670
of INSAT-1B,

46:44.671 --> 46:48.061
my perspective of Tamil culture

46:48.061 --> 46:48.918
and Tamil language

46:48.918 --> 46:50.200
totally changed.

46:50.201 --> 46:51.106
Like that,

46:51.107 --> 46:54.388
millions of Indians have learned

46:54.388 --> 46:56.797
how to appreciate the commonness

46:56.797 --> 46:57.841
and the oneness of the

46:57.841 --> 46:58.958
Indian culture.

46:58.958 --> 47:00.090
That is what Mahatma

47:00.090 --> 47:00.869
Gandhi wanted,

47:00.870 --> 47:04.001
and that is what our INSAT-GSAT

47:04.002 --> 47:06.909
program has facilitated today.

47:06.909 --> 47:09.985
Okay, now let me say one— when,

47:09.985 --> 47:12.217
when I think of Mahatma Gandhi

47:12.217 --> 47:13.960
again on the occasion of

47:13.961 --> 47:15.366
the 150th anniversary,

47:15.366 --> 47:16.932
birth anniversary of him,

47:16.932 --> 47:18.642
let me say

47:18.643 --> 47:20.330
There are two quotations I

47:20.330 --> 47:20.972
would like to show you.

47:20.972 --> 47:23.663
One is George Santayana,

47:23.664 --> 47:25.446
who was a famous

47:25.446 --> 47:28.266
philosopher of the 19th and

47:28.266 --> 47:30.073
20th centuries. He said,

47:30.074 --> 47:31.881
"Those who cannot remember the

47:31.881 --> 47:33.006
past are condemned

47:33.006 --> 47:33.584
to repeat it."

47:35.110 --> 47:36.131
So we have to remember

47:36.131 --> 47:37.183
our history always,

47:37.183 --> 47:38.241
what are all the mistakes

47:38.242 --> 47:39.007
we have done.

47:39.008 --> 47:40.654
At the same time,

47:40.655 --> 47:43.762
we have to remember there was a—

47:43.762 --> 47:49.679
there was a great Indian

47:49.679 --> 47:51.087
by name Mahatma Gandhi.

47:51.088 --> 47:52.738
We have to remember him,

47:52.739 --> 47:54.791
we have to cherish his ideals,

47:54.792 --> 47:57.433
and we have to adopt them in our

47:57.433 --> 47:58.859
lives for a better

47:58.859 --> 48:00.280
India tomorrow.

48:00.281 --> 48:02.211
And finally,

48:02.211 --> 48:03.140
let me tell you,

48:05.200 --> 48:05.974
Albert Einstein,

48:05.974 --> 48:07.168
what did he say?

48:07.168 --> 48:08.717
He, in his room,

48:08.717 --> 48:09.790
he had one photograph,

48:09.790 --> 48:11.710
that is that of Mahatma Gandhi.

48:11.711 --> 48:12.614
Okay,

48:12.614 --> 48:14.292
generations to come,

48:14.292 --> 48:16.424
it may well be will scarce

48:16.424 --> 48:18.752
believe that such a man as this

48:18.752 --> 48:20.976
one ever in flesh and blood

48:20.977 --> 48:22.445
walked upon this earth.

48:22.445 --> 48:24.075
It is very difficult to believe,

48:24.075 --> 48:24.918
he said,

48:24.918 --> 48:27.037
a man made up of flesh

48:27.038 --> 48:29.245
and blood existed,

48:29.245 --> 48:31.614
a type of person what

48:31.614 --> 48:32.473
Mahatma Gandhi was.

48:32.473 --> 48:34.231
It is very difficult to believe

48:34.231 --> 48:36.174
for the future generations that

48:36.174 --> 48:38.325
he lived like a human being.

48:38.326 --> 48:39.160
That's what,

48:39.161 --> 48:42.169
with greatest respect Einstein

48:42.169 --> 48:43.531
told. Like Einstein,

48:43.531 --> 48:45.758
many people respected Gandhi,

48:45.759 --> 48:47.032
whether they were scientists or

48:47.033 --> 48:48.939
politicians or statesmen,

48:48.940 --> 48:50.485
whatnot, in fact,

48:50.486 --> 48:51.375
or commoners.

48:51.375 --> 48:55.149
So they held Gandhiji with

48:55.149 --> 48:58.482
respect because his teachings,

48:58.482 --> 49:00.805
his beliefs, his actions,

49:00.806 --> 49:03.802
his achievements are relevant

49:03.802 --> 49:05.789
for all the times for the good

49:05.789 --> 49:07.303
of humanity at large.

49:07.304 --> 49:08.940
Especially for India.

49:08.940 --> 49:11.707
And this is what is his legacy,

49:11.708 --> 49:14.411
about which we as Indians

49:14.411 --> 49:16.392
has to be proud of,

49:16.393 --> 49:19.625
and we as ISRO people have to be

49:19.625 --> 49:21.695
proud of for achieving some of

49:21.695 --> 49:23.780
his dreams. Thank you very much.

49:23.781 --> 49:26.123
It is said that gratitude is the

49:26.123 --> 49:28.048
mother of all virtues. I,

49:28.049 --> 49:30.655
BM Bhavani, behalf of DYS ISRO,

49:30.656 --> 49:32.837
take this opportunity to extend

49:32.838 --> 49:34.304
Heartfelt gratitude to our

49:34.304 --> 49:35.097
beloved Secretary,

49:35.097 --> 49:36.924
DVS Chairman ISRO, Dr.

49:36.924 --> 49:37.757
Shivansar,

49:37.757 --> 49:39.464
our Scientific Secretary,

49:39.464 --> 49:41.386
Shri R. Uma Maheshwaran Sir,

49:41.387 --> 49:42.620
Shri Vivek Singh,

49:42.621 --> 49:44.239
Associate Scientific Secretary,

49:44.239 --> 49:45.256
Joint Secretary,

49:45.257 --> 49:47.364
Madam Srimati Sandhya Venugopal

49:47.364 --> 49:49.182
Sharma, Senior Scientist,

49:49.183 --> 49:51.049
and my dear colleagues who are

49:51.050 --> 49:53.124
online watching the live stream.

49:53.125 --> 49:55.504
Heartfelt gratitude to today's

49:55.505 --> 49:57.515
chief guest, Shri Guru Prasad,

49:57.516 --> 49:59.879
who in such a short notice

49:59.880 --> 50:02.059
readily accepted our invitation

50:02.060 --> 50:04.119
and is online summing up

50:04.120 --> 50:05.779
relevance of Mahatma Gandhi

50:05.779 --> 50:07.534
legacy today and his

50:07.534 --> 50:09.145
philosophy on life,

50:09.146 --> 50:11.381
Swadeshi movement, hygiene,

50:11.382 --> 50:13.569
public health, non-violence,

50:13.570 --> 50:15.108
unity in diversity,

50:15.109 --> 50:18.114
and also on Indian space program

50:18.115 --> 50:20.006
aiming at fulfilling Gandhiji's

50:20.006 --> 50:22.186
aspirations for rural India,

50:22.187 --> 50:24.150
creating awareness through space

50:24.150 --> 50:26.338
communication farming practices,

50:26.339 --> 50:28.094
management of natural resources,

50:28.095 --> 50:30.155
and technology as a tool for

50:30.155 --> 50:31.879
rapid development of India.

50:31.879 --> 50:33.122
Thank you once again,

50:33.122 --> 50:34.011
Guru Prasad Sir,

50:34.012 --> 50:36.176
for reminding us of all the

50:36.176 --> 50:38.245
responsibilities and to adopt

50:38.245 --> 50:40.786
Bapuji's message on life living

50:40.787 --> 50:42.374
through his words.

50:42.374 --> 50:44.266
I would like to extend sincere

50:44.266 --> 50:46.503
gratitude to our Senior Head PGA

50:46.504 --> 50:48.195
and Senior Admin Officer for all

50:48.195 --> 50:49.470
the guidance and support,

50:49.470 --> 50:51.122
and also for giving me this

50:51.122 --> 50:53.039
opportunity to propose vote of

50:53.039 --> 50:54.476
thanks on this auspicious

50:54.476 --> 50:55.366
occasion.

50:55.367 --> 50:57.678
Our sincere gratitude to GID

50:57.678 --> 50:59.861
staff, DEOs, transport,

50:59.861 --> 51:02.445
housekeeping, AC, AV staff,

51:02.446 --> 51:03.272
canteen,

51:03.272 --> 51:05.254
Director DISM, Shri Samuel,

51:05.254 --> 51:06.699
Shri Hari Prasad and his team,

51:06.699 --> 51:08.328
Director OMPR Shri Mahesh

51:08.328 --> 51:08.986
and his team,

51:08.987 --> 51:10.559
and also our judges for essay

51:10.560 --> 51:12.269
competitions, Shri Shri Kumar sir,

51:12.269 --> 51:14.163
Dinaka sir, and Sarla madam.

51:14.163 --> 51:15.752
Last but not the least,

51:15.752 --> 51:17.494
to all the audiences who are

51:17.494 --> 51:18.762
live right now watching the

51:18.762 --> 51:21.072
culmination program on 150th

51:21.072 --> 51:21.984
birth anniversary of

51:21.984 --> 51:23.186
Mahatma Gandhi.

51:23.186 --> 51:25.445
Let us thank Gandhiji to making

51:25.446 --> 51:26.494
our country free,

51:26.495 --> 51:29.012
and also let us all watch to

51:29.012 --> 51:31.176
live life with Bapu's belief and

51:31.176 --> 51:32.153
his interpretation on

51:32.153 --> 51:33.154
the laws of life.

51:33.154 --> 51:35.221
We shall now hear to Gandhiji's

51:35.221 --> 51:36.142
favorite bhajan,

51:36.142 --> 51:38.456
Vaishnava Janato, and Ramdhun,

51:38.457 --> 51:40.673
Ragupati Raghava Raja Ram,

51:40.673 --> 51:42.775
song by Vyoma Team of ISRO.

51:44.225 --> 51:49.923
Vaishnav Jan To Tene Kahiye Je

51:49.923 --> 51:56.066
Peed Paraaye Jaane Re

51:56.066 --> 52:01.923
Vaishnav Jan To Tene Kahiye Je

52:01.923 --> 52:08.563
Peed Paraaye Jaane Re

52:08.854 --> 52:14.854
Par Dukkhe Upkaar Kare Toye

52:14.854 --> 52:20.772
Man Abhiman Na Aane Re

52:20.772 --> 52:26.761
Vaishnav Jan To Tene Kahiye Je

52:26.761 --> 52:29.761
Peed Paraaye Jaane Re

52:33.112 --> 52:35.849
Sakal Lok Ma

52:35.850 --> 52:38.262
Sahune Vande,

52:38.263 --> 52:43.993
Ninda Na Kare Keni Re.

52:45.791 --> 52:47.651
Vaach Kaachh Mann

52:47.652 --> 52:50.629
Nischal Raakhe

52:50.629 --> 52:53.756
Dhan Dhan Janani

52:53.757 --> 52:56.798
Teni Re

52:56.798 --> 52:59.191
Vaishnav Jan To

53:00.950 --> 53:02.927
Tene Kahiye Je

53:02.928 --> 53:05.502
Peed Paraaye

53:05.503 --> 53:07.618
Jaane Re

53:09.830 --> 53:11.948
Sam-Drishti Ne

53:11.949 --> 53:15.131
Trishna Tyaagi

53:15.131 --> 53:17.917
Par-Stree Jene

53:17.918 --> 53:19.790
Maat Re

53:21.430 --> 53:26.783
Jivha Thaki Asatya Na Bole

53:26.783 --> 53:31.579
Par-Dhan Nav Jhale Haath Re

53:33.286 --> 53:39.216
Vaishnav Jan To Tene Kahiye Je,

53:39.217 --> 53:43.107
Peed Paraaye Jaane Re

53:45.461 --> 53:47.309
Moha-Maaya

53:47.310 --> 53:51.046
Vyaape Nahi Jene

53:51.047 --> 53:57.121
Dridh Vairaagya Jena Man Ma Re

53:57.122 --> 53:59.747
Ram-Naam-Shoon

53:59.747 --> 54:02.775
Taali Laagi

54:02.776 --> 54:08.710
Sakal Tirath Tena Tan Ma Re

54:08.711 --> 54:11.399
Vaishnav Jan To

54:11.400 --> 54:17.061
Tene Kahiye Je Peed Paraaye

54:17.062 --> 54:18.939
Jaane Re

54:20.785 --> 54:26.371
Van-Lobhi Ne Kapat Rahit Chhe

54:26.371 --> 54:31.916
Kaam-Krodh Nivaarya Re

54:31.917 --> 54:34.866
Bhane Narsaiyyo Tenu

54:34.867 --> 54:37.264
Darshan Karta

54:37.265 --> 54:41.813
Kul Ekoter Taarya Re

54:43.372 --> 54:45.943
Vaishnav Jan To

54:45.944 --> 54:48.927
Tene Kahiye Je

54:48.928 --> 54:53.329
Peed Paraaye Jaane Re

54:54.935 --> 55:00.527
Par Dukkhe Upkaar Kare Toye

55:00.527 --> 55:04.911
Man Abhiman Na Aane Re

55:06.628 --> 55:09.104
Vaishnav Jan To

55:09.105 --> 55:12.413
Tene Kahiye Je

55:12.413 --> 55:14.767
Peed Paraaye

55:14.767 --> 55:16.887
Jaane Re

55:24.540 --> 55:30.084
Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram,

55:30.085 --> 55:35.219
Patita Pavan Sitaram.

55:35.220 --> 55:41.300
Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram,

55:41.300 --> 55:46.428
Patita Pavan Sitaram.

55:46.428 --> 55:51.224
Ishwar Allah Tero Naam,

55:51.224 --> 55:56.860
Sabko Sanmati De Bhagwan

55:56.861 --> 56:03.392
Ishwar Allah Tero Naam,

56:03.392 --> 56:08.060
Sabko Sanmati De Bhagwan

56:08.061 --> 56:13.673
Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram,

56:13.674 --> 56:18.955
Patita Pavan Sitaram.

56:18.956 --> 56:24.777
Raghupati Raghav Rajaram,

56:24.778 --> 56:28.409
Patita Pavan

56:28.410 --> 56:31.266
Sitaram.

56:33.198 --> 56:34.124
Thank you, Vyama team,

56:34.125 --> 56:35.678
for the excellent rendering and

56:35.679 --> 56:37.298
emotional singing of Gandhiji's

56:37.299 --> 56:38.526
favorite bhajans.

56:38.527 --> 56:40.522
Thank you all once again.

56:40.523 --> 56:41.265
Jai Hind!